Visual information in the driver's line of sight: an evaluation of advanced driver display and head-up display

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Driving a car is visually highly demanding, since it includes searching for, detecting and reading information. The information shall then be interpreted and valued, as a part of the decision making process ? often within a short period of time. From time to time the amount of information exceed the capacity of the driver, and this increases the risk of an accident. Volvo Car Corporation wanted to find of if the driver's situation, and safety, could be helped by presenting some information in a higher position than today, above the steering wheel. It was of interest to see what kind of visual information would benefit the most from this position and how the information should be designed. Two technical solutions where evaluated: one display with perceived depth, 'advanced driver display' (ADD), developed by Jaguar, and one 'head-up display' (HUD), designed by BMW. Literature studies and interviews with people experienced in developing the driver area, have formed a base on which the evaluations are built. A HUD solution is recommended for presenting information which seeks the driver's attention and is related to the driving task, example of this is warnings and navigation help. This kind of information should be salient and placed in a high location, between 4° and 8° down from a horizontal line of sight in the driver's field of view (vertically), to be quick to read and to enable the driver to use the peripheral vision to detect danger and traffic. It is important to keep the amount of information as low as possible. A focal distance greater than 2.5 m makes it easy for the driver to refocus. Green is recommended as the main colour and red is recommended for acute warnings. The height of alphanumerics...