Identifying Deviating Systems with Unsupervised Learning

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We present a technique to identify deviating systems among a group of systems in a self-organized way. A compressed representation of each system is used to compute similarity measures, which are combined in an affinity matrix of all systems. Deviation detection and clustering is then used to identify deviating systems based on this affinity matrix. The compressed representation is computed with Principal Component Analysis and Kernel Principal Component Analysis. The similarity measure between two compressed representations is based on the angle between the spaces spanned by the principal components, but other methods of calculating a similarity measure are suggested as well. The subsequent deviation detection is carried out by computing the probability of each system to be observed given all the other systems. Clustering of the systems is done with hierarchical clustering and spectral clustering. The whole technique is demonstrated on four data sets of mechanical systems, two of a ...