When European Union Directives open the Pandora's Box - A structural analysis into implementation difficulties accompanying directives on several levels in the European Union

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This Master-thesis assesses the possible difficulties that surround the implementation of EU directives into the legal systems of the EU member states. The aim of the thesis is twofold. Firstly, It introduces a structural framework that is able to structure the analysis of implementation in the European Union. It starts from the premise that the EU can be studied as if it was a Federation. The framework builds upon the division in selected actors and factors that have a stake in implementation problems. Subsequently, selected concepts from the Europeanization and Implementation theory are added to augment the explanatory strength of the framework. Moreover, underlying can and will problems found in a detailed literature and empirical research are used in the last stage of the framework; the compliance with EU directives. The preliminary application of the structural framework upon two empirical case-studies of Germany and The Netherlands seems to indicate that the aggregate framework is able to structure the study of implementation problems on the supranational, national and local level. Secondly, the aim of the thesis is to answer the question which of the actors and factor are involved in the majority of implementation problems. This study shows that across all EU levels the decentralized character of enforcement by the Commission, the constitutional set up of a member state, the content of a directive the adequate technical and scientific infrastructure in place on national level, shifting national interests, the roo...