Modelling the Impact of Small Reservoirs in the Upper East Region of Ghana.

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ABSTRACT Reservoirs are precious assets in semi arid and arid regions of the world. The Upper East Region of Ghana by virtue of its climatic condition is classified as a semi arid region. It has a total of 160 small reservoirs located on streams and rivers which are in the upstream of the Ghana portion of the Volta Basin. There have been significant reductions in the flow of water from all the three main tributaries to the Volta Lake which is further downstream and contains the Akosombo Hydro- power dam the main source of the countries electricity supply. The effect of many small reservoirs in the Upper East Region of Ghana was investigated using the WEAP model. A total of 61 small reservoirs were identified on streams and rivers in the region. This number was achieved by adding very small reservoirs together. They were classified as Small Reservoir 1, 2 and 3 (SR1, SR2 and SR3) corresponding with their sizes. The model was first adapted to the region and calibrated using measured discharge values. Then three different scenarios were created to access the impact of the small reservoirs on the White Volta River. The results obtained indicate that the reservoirs have low impact on the flow of the White Volta River. However the creation of bigger reservoirs on the river could have...