Nonattitudes / pseudo-opinions: definitional problems, critical variables, cognitive components and solutions

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This meta-analysis reviews the literature on the phenomena of nonattitudes and pseudo-opinions. Nonattitudes are defined as lack of a stable affective disposition in answering survey questions, and pseudo-opinions as apparent expressions of opinion that do not reflect any relevant opinion. Significant variables are race and education, non-whites and the less educated being most likely to express a pseudo-opinion or have a nonattitude. Political schemas, or lack thereof, affect pseudo-opinions/nonattitudes. It has been established that the electorate lack knowledge about politics and do not have adequate resoning skills or political schemas to be able to fully understand the intricacies of poltics. There is no simple way to rid a survey of these measuring errors but filters, statements presented in conjunction with the q...