Økologi og utfordrende atferd : En studie av omsorgsmiljøers økologiske faktorer og deres betydning for forekomst av utfordrende atferd hos mennesker med psykisk utviklingshemming : A study in ecology of caretaking environments, and how it affects the incidents of challenging behaviour in people with learning disability

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The causes behind the development of challenging behaviour in people with learning disability are numerous and complex. This type of behaviour is prompted by a combination of biological, psychological and environmental variables. The ecological model proposed by Uri Bronfenbrenner for social development describes variables that can influence behaviour, mainly the close relations between people and how surrounding systems influence those relations. The purpose of this study is to describe how caretakers, employed by various municipalities, have used ecological factors and drawn experience from them in handling and preventing challenging behaviour in people with learning disability. Eight caretakers from six different environments have been interviewed on their practical experience. The study has been carried out with qualitative research techniques. The material has been collected and analyzed according to a hermeneutical approach. The caretakers` experience of the importance of ecological factors in the caregiving tasks is demonstrated in five description categories: Difficult daily tasks, Different approach- almost same practice, Different environments, Safe working environment and Closed environments. The study demonstrates that ecological factors influence the incidence of challenging behaviour in people with learning di...