The American Civil War

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Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln, who would become the president of USA from 1861 to 1865, was born in a poor little settler-home in Kentucky. The year was 1809 and the month was February. He died when he was only 56 years old, in April 1865. The American politician had a defective time in school and when he later moved to Illinois he had to support himself by small jobs, meanwhile he studied law almost all by self-study. In 1834 Abraham was chosen into the assembly in Illinois that made the laws and 1847 into representative-house in Washington.
The republic party of Illinois nominated him for senate, that was in year 1858 and in connection with this, Lincoln made a famous speak about "A house divided against itself cannot stand" that was related to the tensions between the northern- and the southern-states. During the election campaign he opposed to the slavery that was spread to states and territories that earlier was clean from it. He was soon known as a spectacular speaker and debater, but that didn''''t help him when he lost the election. But later, 1860, he was nominated as a republic president and he won even if i just got 40 percents of the votes. Abraham was also the winner in the election 1864 with 55 percents of the votes, that’s more than half of Americas votes.


Picture of Abraham Lincoln.

Abraham Lincoln was far and thin and people got used to see him as the man with "the dark face and its sturd feature, deep furrows and well willing, melancholic eyes". The war made Abraham even thinner and the features got sturdier.

That times big question were the slavery. Abraham Lincoln was often seen as a opponent to the slavery but actually his political views wasn''''t to get rid of the slavery, that was just his finally target. The most important thing was to prevent the unions resolution according to Lincoln. In his installation-speech in Mars 1861 he describes that he doesn’t purpose to stop the slavery in the states where it already existed. Lincoln as a president was in the south seen as a threat against their slavery institution and also other "southern-business". Six weeks after the election, South Carolina proclaims their resignation out of the union. Other states followed and did the same thing, and in 1861 eleven southern states formed "CSA". Lincoln was settled to stop the resolution of the unions, he made an appeal to voluntary people and then he made a blockade of the southern states.
The American civil war was going to take over 600 000 lives. From the beginning CSA had a military success but when the time went, they just got weaker and weaker. The big reason to that is that the north had at least twice as big population as the south and the north had most of the countries industry. In September 1862 Lincoln issued the release-proclaim that declared all the slaves in the southern states for free. Exceptions were slave-states like Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, Tennessee and Delaware that were hold by the union. A conclusion was that the northern states won the war that took place in Gettysburg in July 1863. In November the very same year Lincoln dedicated a park of memory on the battlefield and then hold the famous Gettysburg-speech, the most renewed and often quoted speech in american history. He spoke conciliatory, but the 15:th of April 1865, six days after CSA:s surrender from Appomattox.
Lincoln passed away after a murder. A southern state-fanatic, unemployed and a metal sick actor, who was known as John Wilkes Booth shot Lincoln when he had been on a theatre-performance at Ford''''s Theatre in Washington. Booths crime got fateful consequences for the southern states. Instead of Lincoln’s conciliatory line, it was time for a hard revenge politic from the winners to dominate the following time known as the reconstruction time.


Source Nationalencyklopedin
http://www.ne.se/jsp/search/article.jsp?i_art_id=241871




The Gettysburgspeech

The Gettysburgspeech by Abraham Lincoln is one of the most famous speech in the American history. It was a pretty short speech, in fact it only last for two minutes. This happened the 19:th of November 1863, four month after the battle in Gettysburg when a cemetery for those who died just was going to be used. The main-theme was about the victims of the war that was about freedom and the democratic ideal. The speech was ended with a quotation that now is very often told. It is about the expectation of the form of the government that Lincoln wanted to keep, "By the people, throught the people, for the people".


Source: Nationalencyklopedin
http://www.ne.se/jsp/search/article.jsp?i_art_id=181973




The American civil war

The American civil war is the name of the civil war in USA between the union (the northern states) and the break out state, Americas confederated states (the southern states), that was going on during 1861 and 1865. The southern states called the war for ”The War for Southern Independence”. Another name on it was ”The War between the States”.


The American civil war, 1861-65, was between The North and The South in USA (The United States of America). The background to this was prolonged oppositions between the industrial north and the slave trading south. The releasing factor was the question about slaves. In the south they thought it was necessary to keep the slaves because of the economy, the cultivation of cotton. The war with the union started in South Carolina when Abraham, who was one of the premier opponent against the slavery, become president in 1860. During the spring 1861 further ten states went the same way and the CSA was found.

The war started in April when some southstategroups occupied Fort Sumter outside Charleston. The southstates succeded time after time with their defending of Virgina against the north, but they never stoped the north completly. A "wear out war" came which would put the southstates in a bad position, mostly because of their population that wasn''''t enough against the northstates and the bad industry. The transports was also a big problem for CSA. Since the North 1862 made itself to a marine domination and was able to block the south from necessary import, the situation got even harder. The southstates only chance was to get help from Great Brittan, they also needed a millitary breakthrough. This was the background to the desperate tries in 1862-63 to invade the northstates. The tries would become unsucessful in the bloody battles in Antietam and Gettysburg. When the north later capetured New Orleans, 1862, and got control over the Mississippidale, 1863, they were able to attack Tennessee in the east. In September 1864 the northstates occupied and burned down Atlanta, from where they then marched throught Georgia where houses and fields become burned. In December they occupied Savannah in the coust. The situation then become untenable for the southstates main armé that was surrounded, and in April 1865 came the unavoidable surrender.



A map over USA in the American civil war, 1861-1865.




The American civil war. This photo is taken in Antietam 1862 and shows president Lincoln’s visit at the front.
The American civil war was the first war where the camera would have a central part to the war history.
(From the ”Krim-war” 1853-1856 is just a few pictures known)


The American civil war have been known as the first modern war. Very good examples of this is the mass-armies, the enormous death tolls, the warfare which was pointed even against the civil people and the mobilisation of the industrial capacity for production of ships and weapons.


Famous Lincoln-quotations

”You can not give the poor freedom by making the rich unfree.”
”The best thing with the future is that the days comes one by one.”
”Better keep silent and look like a fool then speak and remove every doubt.”
”I support the rights of animal as well as I support the rights of humans.”
”Think that the strangers are friends that you don’t know.”
”Most people is roughly that happy that they have decided to be.”
”You can trick the whole people for a little time, you can trick a small part of the people all the time But you can never trick the whole people all the time.”
”You can not give people lasting help by doing things for them that they should do at their own.”
”A defective critical thought about the technique tells about the dissolution of the society.”
”A humans legs must be so far that they can reach the ground.”
”Whenever the people that populates this country gets tired at the prevailing government, they can use their constitutional rights to improve it, or use their revolutionary rights to crush it or just overthrow it.”
”The own decision about reaching success is more important than anything else”

http://susning.nu/Abraham_Lincoln

The American civil war is the name of the civil war in USA between the union (the northern states) and the break out state, Americas confederated states (the southern states), that was going on during 1861 and 1865. The southern states called the war for ”The War for Southern Independence”. Another name on it was ”The War between the States”.


Background

When Abraham Lincoln from the republic party was chosen to be the president of USA 1861, the southern states left the union in protest and formed instead CSA. The main point of the war was the liberation from the union, and the restore of the union, but during the war the slavery question became a main point. The north that was more industrialised wanted to free the slaves, but the southern states still needed the slavery because of their economy.
Elderly researchers thinks that the hard economy questions was more important than the slave question for the found of CSA and that the slave question only was a ”ideology-bat”. Modern researchers points out the religious opponents in the north that were against the slavery as the important factor to the civil war. That in combination with the southern social commands inability to abandon the race-order that even put the most poor white over a black man.


The War

The battles started in April 1861 when the southern rebels captured Fort Sumter in South Carolina and against all odds they also defeated the regular union-army in the first battle in Bull Run. Year 1862, general Robert E. Lee became leader of the southern states Virginiaarmy and fought with it a draw battle in Antietam in September. Lee’s military skills would be a big contribution to the southern states war effort and he turned up to be the biggest factor to why the bad industrialised southern could keep on fighting for such a long time as they actually did.
Already from the beginning of the war the northern states established a blockade of the sea against the southern states, the purpose to this was that the southern states would not be able to export their cotton to Europe. In the 8:th and 9:th of March the first battle between armoured ships were fought, this happened in ”The battle of Hampton Roads”. The northern state-build ship USS Monitor (constructed by the Swedish born John Ericsson) came away with a narrow victory after a longstanding battle against the southern states CSS Virginia, that was named Merrimac before a reconstruction.
During, the northern state general Ulysses S. Grant operated in the west and defeated the rebels in ”The battle of Shiloh”, the year was then 1862. After that he continued south along the Mississippiriver with the purpose to split up the confederated in two parts. The 4.th of July 1863 was the day when the northern states took over Vickisburg.
Lee defeated the northern state armies in ”The battle of Fredericksburg”, ”The battle of Chancellorsville” and ”The battle of Fredericksburg II”, after that he led the Virginiaarmé into Maryland. The decisive battle of the war, and turning point, came in ”The battle of Gettysburg” in Pennsylvania the 1:st till the 3:rd of July 1863, where Lee was defeated by general George E. Meade. At the same time a northern state army was defeated when it tried to invade Virginia in ”The battle of Chickamauga”, but it would be a bloody victory for the southern states. This was the only war where the southern states had a bigger army than the northern states.
In year 1864 Lee fought against general Grant in many bloody battles in Virginia and the southern states armies was successfully forced back. After “The battle of Chattanooga” could Grant continue south towards Georgia, but instead of going himself he sends general William Sherman. While Grant stayed and fought against Lee in Virginia 1864, general Sherman captured Atlanta in Georgia. After “The battle of Atlanta” Sherman started his march east, towards the sea. Shermans march towards the sea is a classic peace of the history.
Year 1865 Lee retreated from Petersburg where “The bloody siege of Petersburg” had taken its place 15:th June 1864 until 2:nd of April. The southern states capitol city Richmond was evacuated and not so long after that Lee surrendered. Lee’s last battle would be “The battle of Appomattox”. After that he surrendered with his whole army in front of general Grant in “The surrender of Appomattox” the 9:th of April.

The Result

Five days after the surrender Abraham Lincoln gets murdered by a southern state-fanatic. The American civil war took almost 630 000 lives and that also means that it’s the bloodiest conflict in the American history. The most important results of the war were that the slavery got an end and the union was put together again. Furthermore the federal board of USA became much stronger.
The lost of the war meant, more than the stop of slavery, a economic and cultural setback. The following time is mostly known as I earlier mentioned, the reconstruction time.



Robert E. Lee

Robert Edward Lee was born in the 19:th of January 1807 in Stratford Hall Plantation in Westmoreland Country (Virginia, USA) and died the 12:th of October 1870 in Lexington (Virginia, USA). That means that became 63 years old before he passed away. Lee was an American military and later he also became both confederated general and supreme commander.
General Lee started his impressing military bane after West Point as an engineer-officer. He distinguished himself in the Mexican war in the 1840s and also worked as an observer in the “Krim-war”.
Robert joined to the confederated force when the American civil war started and on the spring 1862 he became commander for the Virginia army. 1863 he won battles in Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, but was defeated in July in “The battle of Gettysburg”. After that he was only able to delay the unavoidable. The unavoidable, the surrender, happened 1865 in Appomattox.
After the war he seemed to be satisfied with a reconciliation between the southern states and the northern states. It is held that Robert E. Lee was, after George Washington, the greatest general in the USA history.


http://wiki.kalender.se/wiki/index.php/Amerikanska_inb%C3%B6rdeskriget




The Battles

Here are the battles that together makes the American civil war:

“The battle of Fort Sumter”, 1861. The southern states captured Fort Sumter.

“The first battle of Bull Run”, 21:th of July, 1861. The first regular battle in the American civil war which was fought around the river Bull Run in Virginia. Victory for the southern states.

“The second battle of Bull Run”, 29:th to 30:th of August, 1862. Around 10 000 people died in this battle on each side and the battle ended in a draw.

“The battle of Antietam”, 17:th of September, 1862. Lee marched into Maryland and fought with his 30 000 men against general George B. McLellan’s at least 60 000 men. Lee placed his men in the village Sharpsburg and waited for the northern states, the enemy. This battle ended, pretty well for Lee, in a draw.

“The battle of Shiloh Church”, (Shiloh, Hardin County, Tennessee) the 6:th and 7:th of April, 1862. This was the most bloody battle in the American civil war. 110 000 men fought and almost 24 000 of them was reported dead, wounded or missing. This battle ended with a victory to the northern states.

“The battle of Hampton Roads”, 1862. A battle between USS Monitor and CSS Virginia (earlier known as Merrimac) , a battle between ships.

“The battle of Fredericksburg”, 13:th of December, 1862. This battle was between Lee’s Virginia army and the Potomac army led by general Ambrose E. Burnside. The northern states had 117 000 men including 300 canons, while general Lee and the southern states only had less than 73 000 men to disposal. It died 13 000 men from the northern side and 4 500 from the southern side. Lee and the southern states became the winner when Burnside first asked and was allowed a cease-fire, and then surrendered (14:th December).

“The battle of Chancellorsville”, 1863. This battle is known as Robert E. Lee’s greatest victory, but it coasted many lives from both of the armies (14 000 northern state men and 10 000 southern state men). Once again the northern states had a bigger army (97 000 men) than the southern states (57 000 men). As you red before, Lee and the southern states won.

“The battle of Fredericksburg II” or “Marye’s Heights II”, 1:st May, 1863. This battle wasn’t so bloody at all, but still it coasted 2000 lives, and that is 2000 lives to much. This battle was won by the northern states when the southern states surrendered. The southern states didn’t have much of a choice this time.

“The battle of Vicksburg", 3:rd to 4:th July, 1863. This battle is mostly about John C. Pemberton who tried to escape from the union army. He was hunted by general William Sherman and fled to Vicksburg that had a good defence. Later Pemberton realised that he had to give up, and the northern state accepted it because they didn’t wanted 30 000 war prisoners and they thought that the battle morale would be bad in the southern state army. The northern states army had 60 000 men against the southern states 18 500 men, it died almost 10 200 northern state men and 9 100 southern state men.

“The battle of Gettysburg”, 1:st to 3:rd July, 1863. This would become the turning point of the American civil war. After the victories in Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville Lee led his army into northern state territory, but after three hard days he was forced to surrender. After the battle “Pickett’s Charge” Lincoln made his and one of the most famous in the histories spectacular speech, “The Gettysburg Address” (19:th of November, 1863). This time the northern states had an army with 83 000 men against the southern states 75 000 men. It died around 3 000-3 500 on each side.

“The battle of Chattanooga” or “Chattanooga III”, 23:th to 25:th of November, 1864.
It happened a lot of things before the battle and on the 25:th of November the northern-states succeed with their attack against the southern-states, at least it looked like it, unbreakable position. The confederated was fought away and the winner of this battle became the union. The number of the armies are unknown but it died around 12 500 men, 5 800 northern states men and 6 700 southern states men.

“The siege of Petersburg”, 15:th of June 1864 until the 2:nd of April 1865.
The siege was going on for whole 10 month, a typical trench war. Petersburg was a very important town to the southern states, for example it provided their capitol Richmond with necessities and it was bind to five railways.
After 10 month Ulysses S. Grant succeed with his breakthrough and when Lee’s general A. P. Hill tried to fight back he died. Lee realises that the battle is over and he escapes to North Carolina where he had his general Joseph E. Johnston. During this battle it died 7 850 men from the northern states, but how many that died of the southern states men is unknown. From the beginning it was 86 000 northern states men against 52 southern states men. The victory goes to, as I almost mentioned, the northern states, the union.

“The battle of Atlanta” 22:th of July, 1864 (Atlanta, Georgia, USA).
When Grant won the battle in Chattanooga he didn’t just won a battle, he also opened the way to the most important cities of the southern. He gave William Sherman orders to march into Atlanta, which now is known as the Atlanta-campaign.
The union was strong while the southern states army led by Hood had a hard time, he lost 8 500...