the history of ireland

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The oldest signs of human settlers on Ireland is around 9000 years old.
The settlers probably started farming around 3000 BC.
Around 500 BC the celt tribes immmigrated to ireland. 200 years later they ruled the island. The Celt Ireland was divided in several kingdoms,always making war with each other. The kings built great castles and surrounded themselves with poets, musicians and warriors, but the rest of the population was almost only made nomads. There was a High King that formely ruled the island, but his power was almost only symbolic.
In the 5th century AD the christian missionaries arrived to Ireland,
among them was St Patrick who became the islands patron saint. Patrick encountered
great obstacles, and the new religion was not fully established until acentury after his death.
At the end of the 8th century the vikings started their incursions and the shattered celtish kings became an easy target. For mor that 200 years the vikings occupied big areas, mostly along the coast. There they founded Irelands first cities, among others Dublin, Cork and Limerick.
In the year 1000 the Celtish kings finally to united themselves and managed to defeat the vikings in 1014 at the battle of Clontarf.
150 years later the intern battles between the Celt kings made it easy for the english king Henry II to take possesion of portions of the island.
But the english kings pusued a policy to make the gap between
the English and the Irish as big as possible.When the english converted from catolicism to protestantism in the 16th century, the antagonism became stronger and stronger.
The Irish started a revolt, but they were shattered fast and the English became even stronger on the island.
After that the english ruler Oliver Cromwell had striked down a eleven years long revolt the english crown controled the whole of Ireland.
In spite of when the protestantic English noblemen in the beginning of the 17th
century got Irish land from the English king the catolic Irish still owed two thirds of the land. The so called punishment-laws from the 18th century denied the Irish to buy land, rent it or even inherit it.
At the year of 1778 no more that 7% of the land belonged to the Irish.
After that the laws were changed stepp by stepp, and catolics were given back
some of their right.
But the parliament remained closed for the Irish wich the nationalism movement, United Irishmen, couldn´t accept.
Inspired by the French revolution in 1789 they rised a rebellion in1798.
After the failed attemt to disembark French soldiers the rebells surrended and Ireland was formaly incorporated with Great Britain.
At the same time it became possible for Irish men to be elected into the
British parliament.
The 20th century In 1914 the Brittish parliament decided that Ireland would get
self-government, but World War I started and the reform was put in the
future.
In the middle of the war, in easter 1916 Irish nationalists occupied some of the important buildings in Dublin and exclaimed Ireland to a
independent rebublic. Under the leadership of the poet Padraig Pearse and James Connolly they made a headquarter at the principalpostoffice.
The rebells managed it for a week, then they was defeated and all the leaders were executed.
In 1919 the Irish members of the British parliament created their own parliament on Ireland and exclaimed Ireland to be a independentrepublic.
The new parliament elected Eamon de Valera for president.
He was the only one of the leaders from the Easter-rebellion that had not been executed.
But the British parliament forbid the Irish parliament and the members had to hold their meetings in secret. At the same time the IRA (Irish Republican Army) used violence and terror against the police and important persons.
The Irish police, which the British made stronger with ex-soldiers from the world war answered with the same methods.
In the end of 1921 the Irish reluctantly agreed to a British peaceoffer.
Six of Irelands 32 counties (Northern Ireland) stayed British and the rest became Southern Ireland with a free state with a self-government. This had many limitations and for many people it was a big disapointment.
The Irish parliament disrupted and de Valera resigned in protest.
This lead to a civil war 1921 - 1922, in which the objecters to the agreement was defeated. The Iorish government continued there fight for freedome.
They were very carefull to show the rest of the world that they used politic and not the military.
Because of that IRA was forbidden in 1936.
The fight for freedome reached success and 1937 Ireland got a new constitution, which made the connections with Great Brittian only formell.
The last connections was removed in 1949 and the president John Costello exclaimed the Republic of Ireland. The republic was neutral during World War II. They joined the United ...